The Global Biometrics
Market

Chima Okereke

Published June 2003

INTRODUCTION

Biometrics consist of technologies that support automatic identification or verification of identity based on behavioral or physical traits. Biometrics can authenticate identities since they measure unique individual characteristics. These include fingerprints, hand geometry, retina, iris and facial characteristics.

Behavioral characteristics include signature, voice and keystroke pattern. In addition to the general uniqueness of these measurements, biometrics offer some distinct advantages over other electronic or mechanical systems, i.e., unlike a key or plastic scan card, they cannot be lost, stolen or easily compromised through duplication.

As discussed later in the report, for more than two decades, biometric technologies did not penetrate any mass market, but remained relegated to occasional use in motion pictures and at highly secure government and military installations. Their slow progress stemmed from a variety of reasons. These included size, cost, complexity, unfamiliarity and competition from more popular and simpler security systems. However, biometric technologies are becoming better known, accepted and appreciated. Sales are growing, heralding their metamorphosis into the market growth stage of the product life cycle from the obscurity of the market introduction stage.

Biometrics are making inroads into many facets of national life, both public and private in developed countries. In the computer industry, for example, they are replacing personal identification numbers (PINs) and passwords. PIN management reportedly is time consuming and costly. It is said that, in general, 30% of calls to internal information technology (IT) help desks are for resetting forgotten or expired passwords. Each call is estimated to cost companies about $15 to $20, and users are said to forget their passwords at least three times a year. This implies that a large establishment with over 10,000 employees will spend about $0.5 million annually on the unproductive task of resetting passwords.

Some of the uses of biometrics that have gained acceptance and approval of both commercial and domestic end users include physical access to, and protection of restricted areas; easing traffic at airports while simultaneously achieving high security in identification of unauthorized persons; secure access to banks and financial facilities; retail applications; use in law enforcement and correctional institutions, etc.

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Therefore, the goals and objectives of this report include the following:

• Educate end users on the esoteric but useful technologies of biometrics.
• Enable end users to determine which of the technologies will meet their needs.

· Enable interested readers, with no specific potential applications, to understand the impact of the industry on public facilities, e.g., airports.

• Provide comprehensive information to vendors in the industry.
• Help existing and potential vendors understand the competition.

· Help vendors, users, planners, etc. understand the industry, various strategies of the players, the market, and possible future trends.

· Provide other equipment manufacturers, value added resellers, systems integrators, and so on, with information about key suppliers and vendors, state-of-the-art and leading edge technologies, and potential business opportunities in the various industry segments.

· Present to readers market information that quantifies and describes the various segments of the biometrics industry.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

This report covers the operations of most, if not all, active and major vendors in this industry. They manufacture, market and sell their products globally as applicable. The various technologies and products, including their applications, are considered in separate sections, as follows:

• a report summary is next after the introduction
• an industry overview follows and it covers the importance and history of the industry
• other sections include markets by product type and markets by application and industry

· major vendors, their operations and strategies are discussed in the company profiles section

· global and regional operations and the nature and management of risks in international operations, are covered in the international operations section.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

A study of actual life systems was made along with research and study of Web sites and current publications. Research consisted of collation and analysis of information gleaned from the various sources.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

Chima Okereke has been an industry analyst on high technology subjects since 1996, and has a number of technical and commercial publications to his credit. Dr. Okereke is also skilled in the research and design of electronics and instrumentation systems, has thirteen years in operations management and has managed multidisciplinary projects comprising electrical, instrumentation, and automation systems. He has over eighteen years' experience in information technology and in the design and development of models, and the use of financial, statistical, and engineering packages. MBA, Ph.D., University of Bradford, U.K.

---

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION	XVII
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES	XVII
SCOPE AND FORMAT	XVIII
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES	XVIII
ANALYST CREDENTIALS	XIX
RELATED BCC REPORTS	XIX
MONTHLY NEWSLETTER	XIX
BCC ONLINE SERVICES	XIX
DISCLAIMER	XX
SUMMARY	XXI
Summary Table: GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	XXII
Summary Figure: GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	XXII
OVERVIEW	1
WHAT ARE BIOMETRICS?	1
OPERATION STAGES IN A BIOMETRIC SYSTEM	2
CAPTURE	2
FEATURE EXTRACTION	3
ASSOCIATION AND COMPARISON	3
MATCH/NON-MATCH DECISION	3
PRODUCT TYPES	3
FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION	3
Fingerprint Characteristics	4
Other Features Essential to Finger-scan Authentication	4
Fingerprinting and Finger Scanning	4
Biometric Technology Procedure as Exemplified by Fingerprinting	5
Screening	5
Capture	5
Feature Extraction	6
Association and Comparison	6
Match/Nonmatch Decision	6
Finger-scanning Reliability	7
Image Capture Using Optical, Silicon and Ultrasound	7
Optical Technology	8
Silicon Technology	8
Ultrasound Technology	9
FACE RECOGNITION	9
Face Recognition (Continued)	10
HAND GEOMETRY	11
VOICE VERIFICATION	12
IRIS RECOGNITION	13
Capture and Identification	13
SIGNATURE VERIFICATION	14
Electronic Signature	14
Advantages of Signature Verification as a Biometric Feature	14
Legal Aspects	15
Verification Processes	15
Static Verification	15
Cleaning of Static Signatures	15
Pseudodynamic Verification	16
Dynamic Verification	16
Static and Dynamic Combo Verification	16
Future Prospects for Signature Verification	17
RETINA RECOGNITION	18
Accuracy, Performance and Procedure	18
COMPARISON OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES	19
FINGER SCAN STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES	19
FACE RECOGNITION STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES	20
HAND RECOGNITION STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES	20
VOICE-SCAN STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES	21
IRIS RECOGNITION	21
Strengths	21
Weaknesses	22
SIGNATURE-IDENTIFICATION STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES	22
RETINA SCAN	23
Strengths	23
Weaknesses	23
KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES	23
IMPORTANCE OF THE BIOMETRIC INDUSTRY, WHERE IT FITS INTO THE ECONOMY, AND WHY	24
IMPORTANCE OF FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION SYSTEMS	24
IMPORTANCE OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS	25
IMPORTANCE OF VOICE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS	25
IMPORTANCE OF SIGNATURE VERIFICATION	25
HYBRID TECHNOLOGY USES	26
BIOMETRIC PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE	26
HISTORY	27
HISTORY OF FINGERPRINTING	28
History Of Fingerprinting (Continued)	29
HISTORY OF FACE RECOGNITION	30
HISTORY OF VOICE RECOGNITION	30
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT	31
STANDARDIZATION	31
Standardization (Continued)	32
GLOBAL BIOMETRIC MARKET BY TECHNOLOGIES	33
MARKET CHARACTERISTICS	33
STATE OF THE MARKET	33
Price	33
Inconvenient Size	33
Slow Speed	33
Esoteric and Unfamiliar	33
GROWTH DRIVERS	34
Price Reduction	34
Smaller and Faster Devices	34
Industry Consolidation	35
Standards Introduction	35
Favorable Decision-making Criteria	36
MARKET SIZE BY TECHNOLOGY	36
Table 1 SALES AND FORECASTS OF THE GLOBAL BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	36
EFFECT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS	37
EFFECT OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001	38
FINGER SCAN	38
Table 2 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE FINGER-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	38
Revenues	38
Major Players and Other Vendors	39
Market Growth Drivers	40
Advances in Finger-scan Technology	40
Price Reduction	40
Current Increased Desire for Enhanced Security	40
Biometric of Choice	40
Sales and Marketing	41
Proprietary Technologies	41
Strategic Relationships	41
External Factors Affecting Sales	42
Reduction in Information Technology (IT) Spending	42
Worldwide Recognition of the Need for Improved Security	42
FACIAL SCAN	43
Table 3 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE FACIAL-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	43
Revenues	43
Segment Characteristics	44
Market Growth Inhibitors	45
Major Players and Others	45
Sales and Marketing	46
HAND SCAN	47
Table 4 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE HAND-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	47
Revenues	47
Market Drivers, Inhibitors, Players, Sales and Marketing	47
Market Drivers, Inhibitors, Players….(Continued)	48
VOICE SCAN	49
Table 5 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE VOICE-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	49
Revenue	49
Main Players	50
IRIS SCAN	50
Table 6 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE IRIS SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	50
Revenues	50
Major Players, Sales and Marketing	50
Market Growth Drivers	51
SIGNATURE SCAN	51
Table 7 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE SIGNATURE-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	51
Revenue	51
Major Players, Marketing and Sales	52
RETINA SCAN	52
Table 8 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE RETINA-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	52
Major Player	53
Market Growth Drivers and Inhibitors	53
KEYSTROKE SCAN	54
Table 9 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE KEYSTROKE-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	54
Revenues	54
Major Players and Growth Drivers	54
Major Players and Growth Drivers (Continued)	55
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS	56
UNIQUE FEATURES OF BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS	56
BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY	56
FINGER SCAN	56
Table 10 FINGER-SCAN VENDORS AND TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS	56
Table 10 (CONTINUED)	57
Table 11 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR FINGER SCAN BY APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	57
Figure 1 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR FINGER SCAN BY APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	58
Blurring the Divide between AFIS and Non-AFIS Applications	58
Law and Order	59
Legal Services	59
Complete Identification	60
Complete Dispatch	60
Complete Records	60
Complete Corrections	60
Sagem Systems	60
Sagem AFIS Police	61
Police Services	61
Prison Services	62
Physical Access Control	62
Physical and PC Access Using Sony Puppy Authentication Token	63
Advantages of the Puppy	64
Problems with the Puppy	65
Time and Attendance Control	65
Government Applications	66
Identification Systems (IDS)	66
Biometric Fingerprint Identification	66
Table 12 COMPARISON OF CIVIL AND POLICE AFIS REQUIREMENTS	67
Social Services and Other Government Applications	67
Banking and Financial	68
Fingerscan Products	69
Point-of-sale Payments	69
Health Care Delivery (Continued)	70
FACIAL SCAN	71
Table 13 FACIAL-SCAN VENDORS AND THEIR TECHNOLOGY	71
Table 14 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR FACIAL-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	71
Figure 2 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR FACIAL-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	72
Law and Order	73
Law and Order (Continued)	74
Government	75
Access Management	76
Banking and Financial Services	76
Travel and Immigration	77
HAND SCAN	78
Table 15 HAND-SCAN VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	78
Table 16 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR HAND-SCAN APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	78
Figure 3 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR HAND-SCAN APPLICATIONS, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	79
Access Management	80
Access to Banks and Restricted Areas	80
Time and Attendance	80
Travel and Immigration	81
Law and Order	81
VOICE SCAN	81
Table 17 VOICE-SCAN VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	81
Table 18 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR VOICE-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	82
Figure 4 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR VOICE-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	82
Network Access and e-Commerce Operations	83
How VoiceShield Operates	83
Banking and Financial Services	84
VoiceShield Voice Authentication for Online Transactions	85
IRIS SCAN	85
Table 19 IRIS-SCAN VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	85
Table 20 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR IRIS-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	86
Figure 5 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR IRIS-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	86
Physical Access Management	87
Travel and Immigration	87
Law and Order	88
Network Access, Banking and Financial Services	88
Health Care Delivery	88
SIGNATURE SCAN	89
Table 21 SIGNATURE-SCAN VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	89
Table 22 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR SIGNATURE-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	89
Figure 6 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR SIGNATURE-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	90
Electronic Point-of-Sale Payments	90
Security and Cost Reduction in Banking, Insurance and Financial Services	90
Online Transactions	91
Paperless Communications for Information Security	92
Paperless Communications Provide More Personal Safety	92
Signature Authentication and Document Integrity Using eSign by Valyd and ePad by Interlink Electronics	92
Document Security and Operations Efficiency Using Valyd's eSign	93
Benefits:	93
Internal and External Security	93
Cost reduction in Document Processing	94
RETINA SCAN	94
Table 23 VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	94
Table 24 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR RETINA-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	95
Figure 7 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR RETINA-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	95
Travel and Immigration	96
Physical Access Management	96
KEYSTROKE SCAN	97
Table 25 VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	97
Table 26 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR KEYSTROKE-SCAN BY APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	97
Figure 8 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR KEYSTROKE-SCAN BY APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	98
Computer and Network Access	98
Banking and Financial Services	99
Internal Security	99
TECHNOLOGIES BY APPLICATION CATEGORY	99
Table 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	100
TECHNOLOGIES BY APPLICATION….(CONTINUED)	101
BIOMETRICS PROVIDE OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS TO SOME OUTSTANDING INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS	102
Network Security	102
Credit Card and Banking Fraud	102
Physical Access Fraud	102
Identity Theft	103
Law and Order	103
Fraud in Social Services and Welfare	103
THE UNIQUE SELLING FEATURE OF BIOMETRIC SOLUTIONS	103
Table 28 APPLICATION CATEGORIES	104
APPLICATION MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE	105
Law and Order	105
Table 29 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR LAW AND ORDER BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007	105
Figure 9 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR LAW AND ORDER BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007	105
Physical Access Management	106
Table 30 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR PHYSICAL ACCESS MANAGEMENT BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	106
Figure 10 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR PHYSICAL ACCESS MANAGEMENT BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	107
Use of Biometric Time and Attendance Systems in Operations Management	108
Table 31 TIME AND ATTENDANCE MONITORING APPLICATIONS	109
Biometrics for Workforce Management	109
Government	110
Table 32 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR GOVERNMENT SERVICES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	110
Figure 11 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR GOVERNMENT SERVICES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	111
Government (Continued)	112
Travel and Immigration	113
Table 33 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR TRAVEL AND IMMIGRATION BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	113
Figure 12 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR TRAVEL AND IMMIGRATION BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	113
Travel and Immigration (Continued)	114
Computer and Network Access Control Systems	115
Table 34 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR COMPUTER AND NETWORK ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	115
Figure 13 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR COMPUTER AND NETWORK ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	115
Computer and Network Access….(Continued)	116
Banking and Financial Services	117
Table 35 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	117
Figure 14 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	117
Banking and Financial Services (Continued)	118
Banking and Financial Services (Continued)	119
Banking and Financial Services (Continued)	120
Health Care	121
Table 36 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR HEALTH CARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	121
Figure 15 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR HEALTH CARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	121
Health Care (Continued)	122
Health Care Continued)	123
Health Care (Continued)	124
MARKET SHARE AND COMPANY PROFILES	125
FINGER SCAN	125
Table 37 FINGER-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	125
Figure 16 FINGER-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	125
BIOSCRYPT	126
IDENTIX, INC.	127
Identix, Inc. (Continued)	128
Identix, Inc. (Continued)	129
INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES	130
PRECISE BIOMETRICS	131
Precise Biometrics (Continued)	132
PRIMION TECHNOLOGY AG	133
DIGITALPERSONA	133
Digitalpersona (Continued)	134
Digitalpersona (Continued)	135
BIO-key INTERNATIONAL, INC.	136
PRINTRAK INTERNATIONAL, INC.	137
Printrak International, Inc. (Continued)	138
SAGEM Morpho	139
VISIONICS (see Identix)	140
FACIAL SCAN	141
Table 38 FACIAL-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	141
Figure 17 FACIAL-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	141
IMAGIS TECHNOLOGIES	141
Imagis Technologies (Continued)	142
VIISAGE TECHNOLOGY	143
Viisage Technology (Continued)	144
SYMTRON TECHNOLOGY	145
SAFLINK CORP.	146
Saflink Corp. (Continued)	147
HAND SCAN	148
Table 39 HAND SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	148
Figure 18 HAND SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	148
RECOGNITION SYSTEMS	149
ADVANCED BIOMETRICS, INC.	149
Advanced Biometrics, Inc. (Continued)	150
BIOMET PARTNERS, INC	151
VOICE SCAN	152
Table 40 VOICE-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	152
Figure 19 VOICE-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	152
NUANCE	153
Nuance (Continued)	154
VOICEVAULT	155
SENTRYCOM	156
T-NETIX	157
IRIS SCAN	158
Table 41 IRIS-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 (%)	158
Figure 20 IRIS-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	158
IRIDIAN TECHNOLOGIES	159
SIGNATURE SCAN	160
Table 42 SIGNATURE-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	160
Figure 21 SIGNATURE-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	161
COMMUNICATION INTELLIGENCE CORPORATION (CIC)	161
INTERLINK ELECTRONICS	162
Interlink Electronics (Continued)	163
Interlink Electronics (Continued)	164
VALYD (FORMERLY ADEPTEK)	165
Valyd (Formerly Adeptek) (Continued)	166
RETINA SCAN	167
Table 43 RETINA-SCAN VENDOR SALES AND MARKET SHARE, 2001-2002 ($ MILLIONS)	167
EYEDENTIFY	167
RETINAL TECHNOLOGIES	168
KEYSTROKE SCAN	169
Table 44 KEYSTROKE-SCAN VENDOR SALES AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	169
NET NANNY SOFTWARE INTERNATIONAL	169
TOUCHCREDIT FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.	170
Touchcredit Financial Services, Inc. (Continued)	171
RISK MANAGEMENT	172
RELIANCE ON GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND ATTENDANT UNPREDICTABLE ORDERS	172
CONTINUALLY AND RAPIDLY CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES	172
NECESSITY FOR CONTINUAL INVESTMENTS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT	172
COMPULSORY CONTINUAL INVESTMENTS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TO COMPLY WITH REGULATORY STANDARDS	172
DEPENDENCE ON CERTAIN KEY EMPLOYEES	173
DEPENDENCE ON SINGLE SUPPLIERS	173
OPERATIONS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT MAY DEPEND ON THIRD PARTIES	173
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF PRIVACY RIGHTS PROTESTERS	173
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RISK	174
LITTLE OR NO REVENUE AND PROFITABILITY FOR MANY START-UP BIOMETRICS VENDORS	174
BIOMETRICS HAVE YET TO GAIN FULL ACCEPTANCE	175
DEPENDENCE ON INDEPENDENT DISTRIBUTORS AND RESELLERS	175
CHANGE OR BECOME IRRELEVANT	175
A HIGHLY COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY	176
LIMITED PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY	176
A FEW CUSTOMERS ACCOUNT FOR A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE	176
DELAYS IN PUBLIC SECTOR CONTRACTS	177
PROBABILITY OF INCREASED COMPETITION	177
SOME PRODUCTS ARE NEW AND MAY NOT BE ACCEPTED BY END USERS	177
PURCHASE OF BIOMETRIC PRODUCTS MAY REQUIRE A SIGNIFICANT EXPENDITURE	178
PRODUCTS CANNOT BE PERFECT NOR COMPLETELY ACCURATE ALL THE TIME	178
VENDORS FACE RISKS IN THEIR GLOBAL OPERATIONS	179
INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS	180
Table 45 REGIONAL SALES OF BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	180
EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS	181
Slowdown in IT Spending	181
Worldwide Investment in Improved Security	181
LIST OF TABLES
Summary Table: GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	XXII
Table 1 SALES AND FORECASTS OF THE GLOBAL BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	36
Table 2 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE FINGER-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	38
Table 3 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE FACIAL-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	43
Table 4 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE HAND-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	47
Table 5 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE VOICE-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	49
Table 6 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE IRIS SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	50
Table 7 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE SIGNATURE-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	51
Table 8 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE RETINA-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	52
Table 9 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR THE KEYSTROKE-SCAN TECHNOLOGY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	54
Table 10 FINGER-SCAN VENDORS AND TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS	56
Table 11 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR FINGER SCAN BY APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	57
Table 12 COMPARISON OF CIVIL AND POLICE AFIS REQUIREMENTS	67
Table 13 FACIAL-SCAN VENDORS AND THEIR TECHNOLOGY	71
Table 14 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR FACIAL-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	71
Table 15 HAND-SCAN VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	78
Table 16 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR HAND-SCAN APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	78
Table 17 VOICE-SCAN VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	81
Table 18 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR VOICE-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	82
Table 19 IRIS-SCAN VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	85
Table 20 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR IRIS-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	86
Table 21 SIGNATURE-SCAN VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	89
Table 22 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR SIGNATURE-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	89
Table 23 VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	94
Table 24 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR RETINA-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	95
Table 25 VENDORS AND APPLICATIONS	97
Table 26 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR KEYSTROKE-SCAN BY APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	97
Table 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	100
Table 28 APPLICATION CATEGORIES	104
Table 29 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR LAW AND ORDER BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007	105
Table 30 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR PHYSICAL ACCESS MANAGEMENT BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	106
Table 31 TIME AND ATTENDANCE MONITORING APPLICATIONS	109
Table 32 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR GOVERNMENT SERVICES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	110
Table 33 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR TRAVEL AND IMMIGRATION BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	113
Table 34 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR COMPUTER AND NETWORK ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	115
Table 35 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	117
Table 36 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR HEALTH CARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	121
Table 37 FINGER-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	125
Table 38 FACIAL-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	141
Table 39 HAND SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	148
Table 40 VOICE-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001-2002 ($ MILLIONS)	152
Table 41 IRIS-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 (%)	158
Table 42 SIGNATURE-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 002 ($ MILLIONS)	160
Table 43 RETINA-SCAN VENDOR SALES AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	167
Table 44 KEYSTROKE-SCAN VENDOR SALES AND MARKET SHARE, 2001 AND 2002 ($ MILLIONS)	169
Table 45 REGIONAL SALES OF BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	180
LIST OF FIGURES
Summary Figure: GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	XXII
Figure 1 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR FINGER SCAN BY APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	58
Figure 2 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR FACIAL-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	72
Figure 3 GLOBAL SALES AND FORECASTS FOR HAND-SCAN APPLICATIONS, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	79
Figure 4 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR VOICE-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	82
Figure 5 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR IRIS-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	86
Figure 6 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR SIGNATURE-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	90
Figure 7 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR RETINA-SCAN APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	95
Figure 8 SALES AND FORECASTS FOR KEYSTROKE-SCAN BY APPLICATIONS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	98
Figure 9 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR LAW AND ORDER BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007	105
Figure 10 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR PHYSICAL ACCESS MANAGEMENT BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	107
Figure 11 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR GOVERNMENT SERVICES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)	111
Figure 12 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR TRAVEL AND IMMIGRATION BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	113
Figure 13 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR COMPUTER AND NETWORK ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	115
Figure 14 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	117
Figure 15 GLOBAL BIOMETRICS MARKET FOR HEALTH CARE BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1997-2007 ($ MILLIONS)	121
Figure 16 FINGER-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	125
Figure 17 FACIAL-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	141
Figure 18 HAND SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	148
Figure 19 VOICE-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	152
Figure 20 IRIS-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	158
Figure 21 SIGNATURE-SCAN VENDORS AND MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)	161